Location of PMU’s considering the optimal switching criteria for transmission lines

Abstract

In real-time power system operation, the issue is to ensure the observability required for accurate state estimation. Several optimization algorithms found in the scientific literature play a key role in the placement of measurement devices, such as synchrophasor meters (PMU’s), which measure the magnitude and angle of voltage or current. However, the installation of PMU’s at each bus or node can generate significant high costs. Therefore, in the research, we introduce an optimization framework that guarantees a minimum redundancy of n-1 during contingencies, while keeping costs within reasonable limits. Our proposal takes into account
the optimal switching of transmission lines while maintaining observability. Therefore, three main formulations are proposed: one that focuses on the placement of PMUs without taking into account the zero injection nodes (ZIB’s), another that incorporates them and a third one that aims at maximizing the observability the overall results in terms of participation are 21.43% and 28.57%, respectively.