Comprehensive approach to prevent mental disorders in patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Abstract

Introduction: The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a complex environment that generates a great psychological impact on patients, which can trigger mental disorders such as delirium, depression, anxiety, and acute or post-traumatic stress. Objective: To analyze the comprehensive approach to the prevention of mental disorders in ICU patients. Methodology: A descriptive, non-experimental, qualitative systematic review was conducted, using databases such as PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Results: 12 articles were identified that detail current tools used by various health professionals to prevent mental disorders in ICUs. Interventions such as pain control, spontaneous breathing, family participation, music, and healthy sleep were shown to be effective in reducing delirium in critically ill patients. Cognitive, auditory, and sensory stimulation, along with early mobilization, were also effective in reducing delirium and anxiety. Desensitization and reprocessing therapy showed a significant reduction in anxiety, while ICU diaries were not useful in preventing post-traumatic stress. Conclusions: Although many interventions are effective, further research is crucial to develop new strategies to reduce these pathologies and improve the quality of life of patients.